Speech sound disorders can make it difficult for a child to speak clearly and be understood. This may include trouble saying certain sounds, leaving sounds out, or using speech patterns that are not expected for their age.

Childhood Apraxia of Speech is a motor speech disorder that affects a child’s ability to plan and coordinate the movements needed for clear speech.

Stuttering is a communication disorder that affects the flow of speech. A child who stutters may repeat sounds, syllables, or words, stretch out sounds, or get “stuck” when trying to speak.

Expressive and receptive language difficulties can affect a child’s ability to understand language and communicate thoughts, needs, and ideas. These challenges may impact learning, social interaction, and everyday communication.

AAC intervention supports children who benefit from alternative ways to communicate. Therapy may include speech-generating devices, communication boards, picture supports, and other visual tools to promote functional communication and increase independence across daily settings.

Dyslexia is a language-based learning difference that primarily affects the ability to process written language, making it hard to recognize and manipulate the sounds in words, a skill known as phonemic awareness.  Children with dyslexia may have difficulty with reading, spelling,  and decoding words which directly impacts reading fluency and reading comprehension.

Executive functioning involves the skills needed for planning, organization, attention, memory, and self-regulation. Difficulties in these areas can impact a child’s learning, daily routines, and independence.

Pragmatic language involves the social communication skills used in everyday interactions. This includes knowing how to take turns in conversation, stay on topic, understanding body language/social cues and how to use language appropriately in different settings. When these skills are an area of need, children may struggle with social interactions, peer relationships, and classroom participation.